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The understanding and knowledge of individual functional components of a computer, their organization, and architecture are critical in understanding other computer science-related courses. This module is about the design and organization of a computer. It describes what a computer is, its types, its functional components, and how these functional components work together as a system. The module provides the study of the structure, characteristics, and operation of modern-day computer systems including a basic background on the computers evolution. Furthermore, it also provides an overview of the basic operational concepts of computers which involves the functional components such as inputs, outputs, memory, arithmetic-logic unit, and control unit. Additional topics include multiprocessing/parallel processing, instruction formats, and addressing schemes of x86 architecture.